Analysis of the development status of pump technology at home and abroad

1. Pumps and their role in the national economy:

Pumps have evolved along with industrial development. In the 9th century, there were already more complete types and varieties of pumps in foreign countries, and they were widely used. According to statistics, in 1880, the output of general-purpose centrifugal pumps accounted for more than 90% of the total output, while special-purpose pumps such as pumps for power plants, pumps for chemical industry, and pumps for mines accounted for only about 10% of the total pump output. . By 1960, general-purpose pumps accounted for only 45Y002Ea, while special-purpose pumps accounted for 55% o2E. Take up. According to the current development trend, special-purpose pumps will increase in proportion to pumps for general use.

As early as the beginning of the 20th century, the submersible pump was first developed by the United States to replace the deep well pump. Subsequently, Western European countries have also carried out research and development, and continue to improve and gradually improve. For example, the Rhine Brown Coal Mine in Germany uses more than 2,500 submersible pumps, with a capacity of up to 1600 kW and a head of 410 m.

China's submersible electric pump was developed in the 1960s. The working surface submersible pump has been used for irrigation of farmland in the south, and the medium and small capacity submersible pumps have been formed into series and put into production in batches. Large-capacity and high-voltage submersible pumps and submersible motors have also been launched, and large-scale submersible pumps of 500 to 1200 kW have been put into operation in the mine. For example, Anshan Iron and Steel Company's open-air iron ore mine in front of the mountain is equipped with a 500kW submersible pump for drainage, which has a significant effect in the rainy season. There are already signs that the use of submersible pumps will revolutionize the mine's drainage equipment and replace the traditional large horizontal pump. In addition, a larger capacity submersible pump is being trial-produced.

Machines for pumping liquids, transporting liquids, and increasing the pressure of liquids are commonly referred to as pumps. From an energy point of view, a pump is a machine that converts energy, which converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the energy of the liquid being transported, increasing the flow rate and pressure of the liquid.

Pumps are typically used to draw liquid from a lower ground and transport it along a pipeline to a higher ground. For example, we often use the pump to pump water from the river and pond to the farmland for irrigation; for example, pump the water from the deep underground well and send it to the water tower. Since the pressure can be increased after the liquid has passed through the pump, the pump can also be used to draw the liquid out of the lower pressure vessel and to overcome the resistance along the way to a higher pressure vessel or other desired location, such as The boiler feed water pump draws water from the low pressure water tank to the water supply in the boiler drum with higher pressure.

The pump has a wide range of performance, and the massive pump flow can be as high as several hundred thousand in. /h or more; and the micro pump flow is below tens of mL / h. The pressure can be as high as l000 MPa or more from atmospheric pressure. It delivers liquids at temperatures as low as ~200. Below C, up to 800. Above C. There are many kinds of liquids to be pumped, which can transport water (clean water, sewage, etc.), oil, acid and alkali, emulsion, suspension and liquid metal.

2, because most of the pumps that people commonly use are used to transport water, it is often referred to as a water pump. However, this term is used as a general term for pumps, which is obviously not comprehensive.

In fact, pumps are used in a wide range of applications, from heavenly planes and rockets to underground drilling and mining; from land trains and tanks to ships on the sea, and from heavy industry to light industry, cutting-edge science. Technology is still a daily life, pumps are needed everywhere, and pumps can be seen everywhere. Pumps are needed in all sectors of the national economy. In the event of a pump failure, it will directly affect production and severely stop production. For example, in the chemical and petroleum sectors, raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are mostly liquids. The pump acts as a pressure and flow for transporting liquids and providing chemical reactions. It is also used in many installations; . If the pump fails, it will often stop the entire system. Therefore, some people compare the role of the pump to the "heart" in the chemical production process. At the same time, the quality of the pump directly affects the normal production, so the pump is one of the key equipment in the chemical and petroleum sectors. In addition, the liquids produced in the chemical and petroleum sectors are special. Some liquids are volatile, flammable, explosive or toxic; some are strongly corroded or sorghum; some require high temperature, high pressure or low temperature and low pressure. Delivery, etc. Therefore, these liquids require corresponding special pumps to meet the requirements, and the number required is also large.

In the mining and metallurgical industries, pumps are one of the indispensable devices. When the mine is draining, if the pump fails, the mine will be in danger of being flooded. In addition, in the mine production process, the pump consumes a large amount of electricity. It is the most power-consuming equipment in the entire mine, and generally accounts for 20% to 40% of the total mine power consumption, and 50% for individual wells. In particular, in recent years, there have been many coal mine accidents in China, and the pump has a higher working intensity. Pumps are also indispensable equipment during the beneficiation and smelting process. For example, in a steel plant, a pump is used to supply water, and it is not possible to ask for a salary: the station will damage the production equipment and cause a major accident. ... in the bent soap production department, the pump also plays a very important role. For example, in a thermal power plant, a large number of pumps, feed water pumps, condensate pumps, circulating water pumps and ash pumps are required. The boiler feed water pump is the most power-consuming equipment in the power plant.

In the shipbuilding industry, there are usually hundreds of pumps used on each ocean liner, and the types are also various. Such as marine centrifugal pumps, vortex pumps, marine electric gear pumps, high pressure gear pumps, marine screw pumps, electric single screw pumps, electric twin screw pumps, electric three screw pumps, ship water jet propulsion mixed flow pumps, axial flow pumps, etc. In the construction of national defense, it is also inseparable from the pump, the rotation of warships and tank turrets, and the ups and downs of submarines. In atomic power stations, nuclear reactors, and rocket-launch bases, not only pumps are required, but also pumps have many special requirements (such as the ability to transport high-temperature, high-pressure and radioactive liquids, and some require no venting, etc.).

In the water supply and drainage project of Quarzhao, a large amount of pumps are required for conveying bleaching liquids and dyes in the textile industry, conveying pulp in the paper industry, and transporting milk and sugar foods in the food industry.

It can be seen that the pump is not only widely used in various sectors of the national economy, but also has an important status and role. Pumps are one of the essential mechanical equipment for the development of all walks of life. Therefore, pump equipment maintenance is very important.